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The Squad (United States Congress)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ocasio-Cortez
Omar
Pressley
Tlaib
Bowman
Bush
Casar
Lee
Ramirez
The nine members of the Squad:


Founding members


Subsequent additions

The Squad is an informal left-wing group of seven Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives.[1] It had nine members at its high point. The Squad is known for being among the most progressive and left-wing members of the United States Congress.

The squad was initially composed of four women under the age of 50,[2] elected in the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections:

They have since been joined by Greg Casar of Texas, Summer Lee of Pennsylvania, and Delia Ramirez of Illinois following the 2022 elections. Two previous members, Jamaal Bowman of New York and Cori Bush of Missouri, joined following the 2020 United States House of Representatives elections, but will lose their seats after the 2024 election cycle, as they failed to win in their primaries.[1]

Members have been supported by the Justice Democrats political action committee, and are on the left wing of the Democratic Party.[3][4] Ocasio-Cortez, Pressley, Bush and Bowman were initially elected to Congress after unseating incumbents in primary challenges. All but Lee represent safe seats with Cook Partisan Voting Index scores of at least D+20. All but Omar, Pressley, and Ramirez are currently or formerly affiliated with Democratic Socialists of America, with Ocasio-Cortez, Bowman, Tlaib, and Bush being currently endorsed.[when?]

The Squad has been said to represent the advocacy of progressive policies supported by some in the younger political generation, such as Medicare for All, the Green New Deal, and tuition-free college, which have sometimes clashed with their party's leadership.[5][6][7][8] Ocasio-Cortez coined the "Squad" name in an Instagram post a week after the 2018 election. The photo, taken at a VoteRunLead event where the four founding members spoke, subsequently went viral.[9]

Name

[edit]

The colloquial use of the word "squad" arose from East Coast hip hop culture and describes "a self-chosen group of people that hope you want to identify with them". Its use by Ocasio-Cortez signaled familiarity with millennial slang[10] as a playful reference to youth social cliques.[4] Ocasio-Cortez's home borough of The Bronx was the origin of hip hop. Musical acts with "Squad" in their name and lyrics existed from the 1990s to the present.[11]

The New York Times considers the Squad to be sui generis, not fitting neatly into the usual types of congressional groups: the gang (a bipartisan group focused on particular legislation) or the caucus (a pressure group based on special interests). It notes that the term, with a militaristic connotation, conveys values of self-defense, allegiance, and having "something important to protect".[11] The moniker has been used pejoratively by some Republicans, but the four original women use the term self-referentially to express solidarity among themselves and with supporters.[10] For example, the Justice Democrats tweeted a quote from Pressley saying: "We are more than four people... Our squad includes any person committed to creating a more equitable and just world."[12]

The average age of the Squad was 38.3 years as of mid-2019, nearly two decades younger than the overall House average age of 57.6 years.[11]

History

[edit]

2018 election

[edit]

Ocasio-Cortez and Pressley unseated Joe Crowley and Mike Capuano, respectively, in primary elections. Omar won the seat previously held by Democrat Keith Ellison, who retired from the House to successfully run for Attorney General of Minnesota, and Tlaib won the seat once held by Dean of the House John Conyers, who resigned in December 2017 after nearly 53 years in Congress. At least three of the squad members provided fundraising and volunteer assistance during the election campaigns of other members.[13]

According to Pressley, she and Ocasio-Cortez had met before Freshman Orientation Week for the 116th United States Congress. During that event a week after Election Day, on November 12, 2018, all four members of the Squad participated in a livestreamed interview with Jodi Jacobson from Rewire.News, organized by VoteRunLead, and took a group picture. Ocasio-Cortez published the picture on Instagram, labeling it "Squad";[9][14] Pressley published the photo on her Instagram story the same day.[11] The next day, they had already attracted negative attention in conservative media, as Laura Ingraham of Fox News called them "the four horsewomen of the apocalypse".[15] The four women, known for their social media savvy, regularly defend each other's policies and remarks.[4]

After publication, Ocasio-Cortez's Squad photo became a viral phenomenon, and public figures began using "The Squad" to refer collectively to the four women, with prominent examples of usage coming from New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd and White House counselor Kellyanne Conway. Dowd had used the term in an interview with House speaker Nancy Pelosi, who criticized the four members of the Squad collectively, although without naming them.[10] Another photo of the three members who served on the House Oversight Committee during Michael Cohen's testimony also got viral attention.[16]

On July 14, 2019, President Donald Trump tweeted that the members of the Squad should "go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came. Then come back and show us how it is done".[2][17] The insinuation that people of color are foreign was widely viewed as racist; three of the four are American-born and the fourth (Omar) became a naturalized citizen in her youth.[18] On July 15, the four women responded in a press conference, saying "We are here to stay."[19]

On July 16, the House of Representatives condemned Trump's remarks in H.Res. 489.[20] Over the following days, Trump continued to attack the four congresswomen, saying at a July 17 campaign rally: "They never have anything good to say. That's why I say, 'Hey if you don't like it, let 'em leave, let 'em leave.' ... I think in some cases they hate our country."[21] While Trump was criticizing Omar, the North Carolina crowd reacted by chanting, "Send her back, Send her back!"[22][23] Trump also falsely claimed that the four congresswomen had used the term "evil Jews"; none of them have been reported to have used the term.[24] The same day, the Republican party launched a political advertisement against the Squad, titled "Squad Goals: Anarchy" and focusing on the Squad's role in the Abolish ICE movement.[25]

A CBS News and YouGov poll of almost 2,100 American adults conducted from July 17 to 19 found that Republican respondents were more aware about the four Democratic congresswomen than Democratic respondents. The congresswomen have very unfavorable ratings among Republican respondents and favorable ratings among Democratic respondents.[26] In a New York Times opinion piece the historian Barbara Ransby wrote, "The squad has tilled new ground in reanimating a fighting spirit within the Democratic Party and revived its left flank."[27]

In late July 2019, the Illinois Republican County Chairmen's Association labelled the four congresswomen as the "Jihad Squad" in a Facebook post that was later deleted. Illinois Republican Party Chairman Tim Schneider condemned "evoking race or religion as the basis for political disagreement".[28]

In August 2019, Israel blocked Omar and Tlaib from visiting the country, a reversal from the July 2019 statement from Israeli Ambassador to the United States Ron Dermer that "any member of Congress" would be allowed in. A spokesman for Israeli Interior Minister Arye Deri attributed the ban to Omar and Tlaib's support for BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions). A spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu cited that Omar and Tlaib only intended to visit the Palestinian Territories and had not scheduled a meeting with any Israeli politicians. Less than two hours before the ban, American President Donald Trump had tweeted that Israel allowing the visit would "show great weakness" when Omar and Tlaib "hate Israel & all Jewish people".[29] Omar responded that Netanyahu had caved to Trump's demand and that "Trump's Muslim ban is what Israel is implementing". Tlaib described the blockage as "weakness". American legislators from both the Democratic and Republican parties criticized the Israeli decision, and requested that Israel withdraw the ban.[30][31] Trump applauded Israel's decision while continuing his criticism of Omar and Tlaib; he described them as "the face of the Democrat Party, and they HATE Israel".[32] A day after the ban was imposed, Tlaib was granted permission to enter Israel to visit her family on the condition that she "committed to accept all the demands of Israel to respect the restrictions imposed on her in the visit" and "promised not to advance boycotts against Israel during the visit." In response, Tlaib said that she would not visit Israel, tweeting that doing so would "stand against everything [she] believe[s] in – fighting against racism, oppression, and injustice."[33]

2020 election

[edit]

Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, and Tlaib endorsed Bernie Sanders for president in 2020, while Pressley endorsed Elizabeth Warren.[34]

'The Squad Victory Fund', a joint action committee, was set up by the Squad to raise money for their individual campaigns and other progressive campaigns in July 2020.[35][36]

All four members once again won the Democratic nomination for their districts in 2020. Pressley was unchallenged in her primary, while Ocasio-Cortez, Tlaib and Omar defeated their respective challengers, including Tlaib's House predecessor (Brenda Jones) by large margins.[37]

On January 3, 2021, Cori Bush and Jamaal Bowman joined the Squad at the start of the 117th United States Congress. Both successfully challenged incumbent Democrats in their primaries – Lacy Clay and Eliot Engel, respectively. Bush posted a photo on Twitter of herself, Bowman, and the four original Squad members with the caption "Squad up."[38][39]

2022 election

[edit]

All six members once again won the Democratic nomination for their districts in 2022. Pressley was once again unchallenged in her primary, as was Ocasio-Cortez, while Tlaib, Bush, and Bowman all garnered over 60% of the vote in their respective primaries. Ilhan Omar faced significant opposition from establishment oriented local officials in her district, most notably from Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey. Her endorsement of a challenger during his 2021 reelection campaign drew the mayor's ire. Despite the backlash, Omar won the primary by a narrow 2.1% margin.[40][41]

After Casar and Lee won their respective primaries, it was reported that the two incoming members would join the Squad as well.[42] Ramirez was identified in 2024 as a member of the Squad in campaigns by Justice Democrats and Progressive Democrats of America, embracing the label.[43][44]

2024 election

[edit]

Jamaal Bowman lost the Democratic primary to George Latimer, becoming the first member of the Squad to lose his seat.[45]

Cori Bush became the second member of the Squad to be defeated, losing the Democratic primary to Wesley Bell.[46]

Both were hurt by their aggressive stances against Israel, which resulted in AIPAC supporting their challengers.[1] Bush has threatened revenge against AIPAC once untied from the strings of congress.[1]

Political positions

[edit]

Members of the Squad generally hold political views considered to be on the left, such as views about US immigration detention facilities, Islamophobia, universal health care, human rights, the Israel–Palestine conflict, and climate change.[47] This section lists some beliefs that are common for members of the Squad.

Climate change

[edit]

In November 2020, the then members of the Squad protested outside of the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee.[48] They were protesting President Joe Biden's lack of support of the Squad's Green New Deal, which would call for the elimination of all non-renewable energy by 2030.[48]

Protesting Islamophobia

[edit]

Members of the Squad, such as Ilhan Omar,[49] Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,[50] and Rashida Tlaib[51] are outspoken against Islamophobia. In 2021, Ocasio-Cortez stated that "Islamophobia is far too often tolerated and ignored."[50]

Infrastructure Bill and Build Back Better Act

[edit]

On November 5, 2021, all six members of the Squad voted against the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act because they believed that moderate Democrats in the House and Senators Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema would not vote for the Build Back Better Act. Nine Democrats in the House had previously refused to vote for the Build Back Better Act until the infrastructure bill was signed,[52] and both Manchin and Sinema had expressed opposition to key aspects of the Build Back Better Act.[53] After resolving certain disagreements, the infrastructure bill passed in the House with the votes of every Democrat (with the support of 13 House Republicans) except the members of the Squad.[54][55]

Israel–Palestine conflict

[edit]

According to CNN, members of the Squad are notable for "their criticism of the US relationship with Israel".[56] After the beginning of the Israel-Hamas war, seven members of the Squad were among ten House Representatives to vote against a resolution saying the House supported Israel and that it opposed Hamas' attack on Israel; Pressley and Casar voted "present".[57] The war, which began on October 7 with the capturing of over 200 Israeli hostages[58] and the killing of possibly as many as 1,400 Israelis,[59] has been condemned as a terrorist attack by countries such as the US.[60] After the attacks, some Squad members were critical of the Israeli government; in a statement after the attack, Squad member Rashida Tlaib called Israel an "apartheid state".[57]

On October 16, 2023, after Israeli government strikes in Gaza killed 3,000,[61] in reaction to these numbers, members of the Squad introduced a resolution calling for "an immediate de-escalation and ceasefire in Israel and occupied Palestine" to save as many lives as possible. The resolution was endorsed by groups including IfNotNow, the Institute for Middle East Understanding, and Jewish Voices for Peace.[62] Groups such as the American Jewish Committee said there was no need for a ceasefire, arguing that a ceasefire might place Hamas's hostages in danger and give Hamas time to regroup and rearm.[63]

Reform of Supreme Court

[edit]

During a 2024 House Oversight Committee Democrats Discussion on Supreme Court Ethics [64] convened by Rep. Jamie Raskin and Ocasio-Cortez, Ocasio-Cortez stated that the US Supreme Court has been “captured and corrupted by money and extremism”, provoking a “crisis of legitimacy” that threatens the stability of US democracy, and that "House Democrats are committed to informing the public about why the court's conservative super majority is rolling back critical economic freedoms, civil rights, and environmental protections, and what we can do about it".[65][66] Pressley renewed her calls for Supreme Court expansion, a binding code of ethics for justices, and investigations into Justices Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, and Brett Kavanaugh for "their acceptances of lavish, secret gifts from right-wing megadonors."[67] Lee stressed the need for Supreme Court Ethics Reform.[68]

During a speech on the House floor, Tlaib called for impeachment of Justices Alito and Thomas as they are "accepting bribes and doing the bidding of right wing extremists", as well as calling for expanding the Supreme Court and enacting term limits for justices.[69] Omar with fellow representatives introduced the Judicial Ethics Enforcement Act of 2024 for creating an Office of the Inspector General empowered to conduct investigations of alleged violations of the Code of Conduct for Justices of the Supreme Court.[70] In 2023, Bush and fellow representatives introduced Judiciary Act of 2023 calling for expansion of the Supreme Court, and she has also called for impeachment of Thomas and resignation of Alito.[71]

Membership

[edit]

The four original members of the Squad had already been discussed as a group, even before the name was widely adopted.[10][15] However, according to Mediaite, the news media currently uses "Squad" to refer to the group "almost exclusively".[72]

Overview of Squad membrs
Member Born District Prior experience In office

Alexandria
Ocasio-Cortez 		October 13, 1989
(age 34)
New York City, New York 		New York 14
(D+25) 		Organizer,
Bernie Sanders for President
(2016) 		2019 - Present

Ilhan Omar 		October 4, 1982
(age 41)
Mogadishu, Somalia 		Minnesota 5
(D+29) 		Minnesota House of Representatives
(2017–2019)

Ayanna Pressley 		February 3, 1974
(age 50)
Cincinnati, Ohio 		Massachusetts 7
(D+35) 		Boston City Council
(2010–2019)

Rashida Tlaib 		July 24, 1976
(age 48)
Detroit, Michigan 		Michigan 12
(D+23) 		Michigan House of Representatives
(2009–2014)

Jamaal Bowman 		April 1, 1976
(age 48)
New York City, New York 		New York 16
(D+25) 		Schoolteacher, school principal 2021 - 2025

Cori Bush 		July 21, 1976
(age 48)
St. Louis, Missouri 		Missouri 1
(D+29) 		Nurse, pastor, activist

Greg Casar 		May 4, 1989
(age 35)
Houston, Texas 		Texas 35
(D+21) 		Austin City Council
(2015–2022) 		2023 - Present

Summer Lee 		November 26, 1987
(age 36)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 		Pennsylvania 12
(D+8) 		Pennsylvania House of Representatives
(2018–2022)

Delia Ramirez 		June 8, 1983
(age 41)
Chicago, Illinois 		Illinois 3
(D+20) 		Illinois House of Representatives
(2018–2022)

Suggested members

[edit]

After the 2020 election cycle, it was suggested that Marie Newman, who successfully challenged an incumbent member of the House of Representatives with Justice Democrats' backing, as well as Mondaire Jones, who was initially challenging an incumbent and subsequently won the primary after the incumbent announced her retirement, were thought of as potentially members of the Squad.[73][74][75][76] Ritchie Torres was another person named as a potential member, but Torres said he had "no intention of joining The Squad".[77][78][79][80]

Becca Balint and Maxwell Frost, who both won Democratic primaries in safe Democratic seats in 2022, were also named as potential Squad members but never officially joined the group.[81][82][83][84][85]

See also

[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to The Squad (United States Congress).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Robertson, Nick (August 7, 2024). "Cori Bush calls out AIPAC after defeat: 'I'm coming to tear your kingdom down'". The Hill. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  2. ^ a b Sullivan, Kate (July 16, 2019). "Here are the 4 congresswomen known as 'The Squad' targeted by Trump's racist tweets". CNN. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  3. ^ Cornwell, Susan (October 21, 2019). "Expanding the 'Squad:' U.S. liberals challenge moderate Democrats to move party left". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019. Ocasio-Cortez [...] has since become the face of the 'Squad,' freshman Democrats aiming to move the party farther left on issues such as healthcare and climate change.
  4. ^ a b c Zanona, Melanie; Ferris, Sarah; Caygle, Heather (March 4, 2019). "'It is like high school': Meet the House's freshman cliques". Politico. Archived from the original on July 30, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  5. ^ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (July 9, 2019). "Tensions Between Pelosi and Progressive Democrats of 'the Squad' Burst Into Flame". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  6. ^ Mason, Jeff; Cornwell, Susan (July 15, 2019). "Trump Defiant as Lawmakers Blast His 'Racist' Attacks on Four Congresswomen". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  7. ^ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (July 15, 2019). "After Trump Accuses Four Democratic Congresswomen of Hating U.S., They Fire Back". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  8. ^ "A Look at the 'Squad' That Trump Targeted in Racist Tweets". The New York Times. Associated Press. July 15, 2019. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  9. ^ a b Folley, Aris (November 13, 2018). "Ocasio-Cortez shares photo of new 'squad' on Capitol Hill". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d North, Anna (July 17, 2019). "How 4 congresswomen came to be called "the Squad"". Vox. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d John, Arit (July 18, 2019). "A Brief History of Squads". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  12. ^ Justice Democrats [@justicedems] (July 15, 2019). ""We are more than four people. We ran on a mandate to advocate for and to represent those ignored, left out, and left behind. Our squad is big. Our squad includes any person committed to creating a more equitable and just world." -@AyannaPressley" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  13. ^ Ulloa, Jazmine (July 23, 2019). "At a modest New York fund-raiser, 'the Squad' got its start". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  14. ^ "'The Squad': How Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ayanna Pressley, Rashida Tlaib, Ilhan Omar got their nickname". CBS News. July 17, 2019. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  15. ^ a b González-Ramírez, Andrea (November 14, 2018). "The New Class Of Congresswomen Is Already Taking D.C. By Storm". Refinery29. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019. Their shared identity as young women from underrepresented communities and smart politicians pushing the Democratic party to the left has created an unbreakable bond.
  16. ^ Gallucci, Nicole (February 28, 2019). "This photo of Ocasio-Cortez, Pressley, and Tlaib from the Cohen hearing says it all". Mashable. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
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  18. ^ Stanley-Becker, Isaac (July 15, 2019). "Republicans are quiet as Trump urges minority congresswomen to leave the country". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  19. ^ Naylor, Brian (July 15, 2019). "Lawmakers Respond To Trump's Racist Comments: We Are Here To Stay". NPR. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  20. ^ Fram, Alan; Superville, Darlene (July 17, 2019). "House condemns Trump 'racist' tweets in extraordinary rebuke". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
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  22. ^ Yen, Hope; Seitz, Amanda (July 18, 2019). "Trump goes after Omar at rally". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
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  24. ^ "Trump falsely claims Democratic congresswomen spoke of 'evil Jews'". The Times of Israel. July 20, 2019. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  25. ^ Chasmar, Jessica (July 17, 2019). "RNC's 'Squad Goals: Anarchy' ad highlights congresswomen's own comments". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
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  29. ^ Ahren, Rafael (August 15, 2019). "And then Trump tweeted – Why Israel suddenly decided to bar 2 US congresswomen". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
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  31. ^ "Banned congresswomen call decision 'insult to democracy' and a sign of weakness". The Times of Israel. August 15, 2019. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  32. ^ Lee, Matthew; Miller, Zeke (August 16, 2019). "AP Analysis: Trump uses Israel to fuel partisan fires". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  33. ^ Liebermann, Oren (August 17, 2019). "Rep. Rashida Tlaib says she won't visit Israel after being allowed to enter on humanitarian grounds". CNN. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  34. ^ Herndon, Astead W. (November 6, 2019). "Ayanna Pressley Endorses Elizabeth Warren for President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 9, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  35. ^ Goba, Kadia (July 1, 2020). "'The Squad' Is Raising Money To Fight For Progressive Candidates". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  36. ^ Foran, Clare; Krieg, Gregory (July 1, 2020). "AOC, Omar, Tlaib and Pressley launch joint fundraising committee 'Squad Victory Fund'". CNN. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  37. ^ "Live election results: 2020 U.S. House races". Politico. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  38. ^ Bush, Cori [@CoriBush] (January 3, 2021). "Squad up" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  39. ^ "'The Squad is Growing' – And So is Its Power". The Appeal. November 5, 2020. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  40. ^ "Minnesota Fifth Congressional District Primary Election Results". The New York Times. August 9, 2022. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
  41. ^ Faircloth, Ryan (August 4, 2022). "Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey, other west metro mayors endorse Don Samuels over Rep. Ilhan Omar". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
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  43. ^ "Sunday: Squad Member Delia Ramirez, plus the Ceasefire Now! campaign. RSVP Now!". pdamerica.org. Progressive Democrats of America. April 12, 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  44. ^ "Join us as we launch the #ProtectTheSquad campaign and stand up to the corporate and right wing interests attempting to silence our movement". Twitter.com. X. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  45. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (June 26, 2024). "Bowman Falls to Latimer in House Primary in New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  46. ^ Trudo, Hanna (August 7, 2024). "Cori Bush loses Missouri primary in latest blow to progressive 'squad'". The Hill. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
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  48. ^ a b "Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, expanded 'Squad' demand Biden deliver on Green New Deal". ABC News. November 20, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  49. ^ "Rep. Omar Remarks on Islamophobia | Representative Ilhan Omar". omar.house.gov. December 1, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
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  55. ^ Stancil, Kenny (November 6, 2021). "'Foolishness': House Passes Infrastructure Bill But Postpones Build Back Better Act". Common Dreams. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
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  58. ^ Motamedi, Maziar. "What do we know about Israeli captives taken by Hamas and their release?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
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  62. ^ "Reps. Bush, Tlaib, Carson, Lee, Ramirez Lead Colleagues in Call for Immediate Ceasefire". bush.house.gov. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
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  64. ^ "House Oversight Committee Democrats Discussion on Supreme Court Ethics | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
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  67. ^ Acevedo, Dagoberto (June 12, 2024). "VIDEO: At Hearing on Supreme Court Ethics, Pressley Outlines Damning Link Between Project 2025 and Justices' Corruption". Ayanna Pressley. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  68. ^ "Rep. Lee Stresses Need For Supreme Court Ethics Reform in Oversight Democrats Roundtable". Summer Lee. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  69. ^ Burke, Melissa Nann. "Rep. Rashida Tlaib calls for two Supreme Court justices to be impeached". The Detroit News. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  70. ^ "Reps.Omar, Raskin, and Stansbury Push For Supreme Court Accountability With New Legislation | Representative Ilhan Omar". omar.house.gov. April 19, 2024. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  71. ^ "Congresswoman Bush Statement Calls for Justice Alito to Resign". bush.house.gov. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  72. ^ Hall, Colby (July 16, 2019). "AOC's 'Squad': Who In the Media is to Blame for Making This Term a Thing?". Mediaite. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  73. ^ Dovere, Edward-Isaac (July 17, 2020). "Jamaal Bowman Is Ready to Join the Squad". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  74. ^ Hasan, Mehdi; Grim, Ryan; Jones, Mondaire (June 25, 2020). "The Rise of the Left (With Mondaire Jones)". The Intercept. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  75. ^ Nichols, John (August 6, 2020). "2020 Is a Great Year for #SquadPolitics. Just Ask Cori Bush and Rashida Tlaib". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  76. ^ Herndon, Astead W. (August 5, 2020). "Progressive Victories Signal Staying Power for the Movement". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  77. ^ "A new generation of Black progressives has been elected to Congress". November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  78. ^ "@casestudyqb". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  79. ^ Samuels, Ben (December 21, 2020). "'Pro-Israel Progressive' Ritchie Torres Won't Join AOC's Squad Due to BDS Stance". Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  80. ^ Levine, Jon (December 19, 2020). "Pro-Israel progressive Ritchie Torres says he won't join AOC's 'Squad'". Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  81. ^ Cullen, Kevin (July 28, 2022). "Will the next member of 'The Squad' come from Vermont?". BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  82. ^ Voght, Kara (August 2, 2022). "Meet the Young Progressives About to Join the Squad". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  83. ^ Sanders, Austin (March 4, 2022). "Greg Casar's Landslide Win Virtually Ensures TX-35 Seat". Austin Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  84. ^ Voght, Kara (May 21, 2022). "Summer Lee Is Coming to Congress -- and to The Squad". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  85. ^ Sammon, Alexander (November 9, 2022). "A New "Squad" Is Heading to the House". Slate. Archived from the original on November 11, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
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