List of heads of state of the Comoros
| President of the Union of the Comoros | |
|---|---|
 | |
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| Term length | 5 years, renewable once. |
| Inaugural holder | Ahmed Abdallah (State of the Comoros; First president of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros) Ali Soilih (State of the Comoros; First president) Azali Assoumani (Union of the Comoros) |
| Formation | 27 October 1977 |
| Succession | Line of succession |
| Deputy | Abolished, Vice-President of the Comoros |
| Salary | 53,557,291 Comorian francs/117,060 USD annually[1] |
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This article lists the heads of state of the Comoros, since the country gained independence from France in 1975.
Term limits
[edit]A new constitution, approved in the 2018 constitutional referendum allows the president to run for two consecutive five-year terms. Previously during the time of Union of the Comoros, there was a one-term rotational system in place to share the presidency between Grande Comore, Anjouan and Mohéli.[2]
List of officeholders
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Title | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1963–1975).svg.png){kind=small} /.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1975–1978).svg.png){kind=small} • State of the Comoros (État Comorien)
| |||||||
| 1 | Ahmed Abdallah (1919–1989) | President of the Government (until 7 July 1975) Head of State | 6 July 1975 | 3 August 1975 | 28 days | UDC | |
| 2 | Said Mohamed Jaffar (1918–1993) | Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution (until 10 August 1975) Chairman of the National Executive Council | 3 August 1975 | 3 January 1976 | 153 days | RDPC | |
| 3 | Ali Soilih (1937–1978) | Head of State (until 28 October 1977) President | 3 January 1976 | 13 May 1978 | 2 years, 130 days | RDPC | |
| 4 | Said Atthoumani | Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate | 13 May 1978 | 23 May 1978 | 10 days | Independent | |
.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1978–1992).svg.png){kind=small} /.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1992–1996).svg.png){kind=small} /.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1996–2001).svg.png){kind=small} • Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros(République fédérale islamique des Comores) (Jumhuriyat al-Qumur al-Itthadiyah al-Islamiyah) | |||||||
| – | Ahmed Abdallah & Mohamed Ahmed (1919–1989) (1917–1984) | Co-Chairmen of the Politico-Military Directorate (until 22 July 1978) Co-Chairmen of the Directorate | 23 May 1978 | 3 October 1978 | 133 days | UDC | |
| (1) | Ahmed Abdallah (1919–1989) | Chairman of the Directorate (until 25 October 1978) President | 3 October 1978 | 26 November 1989 † | 11 years, 54 days | UDC | |
| – | Said Mohamed Djohar (1919–2006) Acting | Acting President | 27 November 1989 | 20 March 1990 | 113 days | UDC | |
| 5 | Said Mohamed Djohar (1919–2006) | President | 20 March 1990 | 29 September 1995 | 5 years, 193 days | UCP | |
| 6 | Combo Ayouba (c. 1952–2010) | Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee | 29 September 1995 | 2 October 1995 | 3 days | Military | |
| – | Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim & Said Ali Kemal Acting (1936–1998) (1938–2020) | Acting President | 2 October 1995 | 5 October 1995 | 3 days | National Union for Democracy (Comoros) Party of Unity and Fraternity of the Islands | |
| – | Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed (born 1949) Acting | Interim President | 5 October 1995 | 26 January 1996 | 113 days | RDR | |
| (5) | Said Mohamed Djohar (1919–2006) | President | 26 January 1996 | 25 March 1996 | 59 days | RDR | |
| 6 | Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim (1936–1998) | President | 25 March 1996 | 6 November 1998 † | 2 years, 226 days | RDR | |
| – | Tadjidine Massounde (1933–2004) Acting | Interim President | 6 November 1998 | 30 April 1999 | 175 days | Independent | |
| 7 | Colonel Azali Assoumani (born 1959) | Chief of Staff of the National Development Army (until 6 May 1999) Head of State | 30 April 1999 | 23 December 2001 | 2 years, 237 days | Military | |
 • Union of the Comoros(Union des Comores) / الاتحاد القمر (dzima wa Komori) | |||||||
| (7) | Colonel Azali Assoumani (born 1959) | Head of State | 23 December 2001 | 21 January 2002 | 29 days | Military | |
| – | Hamada Madi (born 1965) Acting [3] | Interim President | 21 January 2002 | 26 May 2002 | 125 days | Republican Party (Comoros) | |
| (7) | Azali Assoumani (born 1959) | President | 26 May 2002 | 26 May 2006 | 4 years | CRC | |
| 8 | Ahmed Sambi (born 1958) | President | 26 May 2006 | 26 May 2011 | 5 years | Independent | |
| 9 | Ikililou Dhoinine (born 1962) | President | 26 May 2011 | 26 May 2016 | 5 years | Baobab Movement | |
| (7) | Azali Assoumani (born 1959) | President | 26 May 2016 | 13 February 2019 | 2 years, 263 days | CRC | |
| – | Moustadroine Abdou (born 1969) Acting | Interim President | 13 February 2019 | 3 April 2019 | 49 days | CRC | |
| (7) | Azali Assoumani (born 1959) | President | 3 April 2019 | Incumbent | 5 years, 130 days | CRC | |
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Timeline
[edit]
Succession
[edit]Article 58[4] of the Comorian Constitution states that "in case of absolute absence of a President" the following should happen:
- If the absence (death, resignation, etc.) should occur within the first 900 days of the term, the cabinet ministers and other members of the government select among the ministers a "main minister" to serve as Interim President. Elections must also be called in no more than 60 days after the absence of the President occurs; the person who wins those elections will be president for the remainder of the original five-year presidential term.
- If the absence should occur beyond the first 900 days of the term, then the Governor of the island currently holding the presidency will assume the presidency until the end of the original five-year presidential term, at which point regular elections are held.
Latest election
[edit]| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azali Assoumani | Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros | 96,635 | 60.77 | |
| Mahamoud Ahamada | Independent | 23,233 | 14.61 | |
| Mouigni Baraka Saïd Soilihi | Independent | 8,851 | 5.57 | |
| Mohamed Ali Soilihi | Union for the Development of the Comoros | 6,110 | 3.84 | |
| Hamidou Karihila | Independent | 3,880 | 2.44 | |
| Fahmi Said Ibrahim | Independent | 3,782 | 2.38 | |
| Hassani Hamadi | Independent | 3,576 | 2.25 | |
| Saïd Larifou | Independent | 3,368 | 2.12 | |
| Achmet Saïd | Independent | 3,326 | 2.09 | |
| Ibrahim Ali Mzimba | Independent | 2,185 | 1.37 | |
| Ali Mhadji | Independent | 1,484 | 0.93 | |
| Said Djaffar Elmacely | Independent | 1,474 | 0.93 | |
| Salim Saadi | Independent | 1,104 | 0.69 | |
| Total | 159,008 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 159,008 | 95.53 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 7,439 | 4.47 | ||
| Total votes | 166,447 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 309,137 | 53.84 | ||
| Source: CENI | ||||
See also
[edit]- Politics of the Comoros
- List of sultans on the Comoros
- List of colonial governors of the Comoros
- List of prime ministers of the Comoros
- Vice-President of the Comoros
References
[edit]- ^ "The highest and lowest paid African presidents – Business Daily". Business Daily. 27 December 2020.
- ^ Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. "Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa". Africa Center for Strategic Studies.
- ^ Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments. Central Intelligence Agency. 2003. hdl:2027/osu.32435083447862.
- ^ "L'intégralité du projet de révision de la constitution de l'Union des Comores". Al-watwan – Le premier journal des Comores. 10 November 2023.
External links
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